Interdisciplinary Approaches to Medicine
The journal Interdisciplinary Approaches in Medicine (IAM) was founded in 2020. The founder and publisher of the journal is Al-Farabi Kazakh National University. Interdisciplinary Approaches in Medicine is a peer-reviewed scientific and analytical journal specializing in the publication of research on issues and achievements in domestic and international medicine and healthcare. The journal serves as a professional platform for researchers, clinicians, educators, and healthcare managers to disseminate original research results, analytical reviews, and practical materials in the field of medicine and related disciplines. The journal is published twice a year. The journal adheres to the principles of openness and accessibility of information, high-quality peer review, and strict editing standards. All articles are published in full text and are freely available on the journal's official website. Initial review: up to 20 days Review policy: double-blind review. Average review time: 8-15 weeks. Acceptance rate: 70%. Indexing in databases All published articles are registered in the Crossref database, and each article is assigned a digital object identifier (DOI) to ensure correct citation, referencing, and long-term availability of scientific publications. The journal is also indexed in the eLIBRARY.RU Scientific Electronic Library and included in the Russian Scientific Citation Index (RSCI). Aims and scope The main goal of the journal is to publish and disseminate the results of fundamental, theoretical, and applied research, as well as practical and educational materials in the field of medicine and related medical sciences. The journal aims to become a reliable and timely source of up-to-date information on the achievements of domestic and international medical science, contributing to the transformation of scientific knowledge into practical medicine. The journal covers topics in the following areas of medicine and related sciences: Medicine and health science General medicine Pediatrics Dentistry Pharmacy Laboratory medicine Biomedicine Molecular genetics Healthcare, physical culture, and sports Public health Healthcare management Physical education and health fitness Sports and sports management Nursing Advantages of publishing in the journal International editorial board – The editorial board includes leading Kazakhstani and international scientists, which ensures high academic standards and a balanced review process. Strict review process – A double-blind review system is used, with at least two independent reviewers for each manuscript. Digital archiving – Long-term storage of all published content in reliable digital repositories is ensured. Interdisciplinary approach – combining research results in various fields of natural and medical sciences to solve specific problems in medicine and healthcare. Open access to journal archives – the journal's content is available to all members of the global scientific community. Publication policy and fees The journal Interdisciplinary Approaches in Medicine operates on a paid publication model. The publication fee is 500 tenge per page in accordance with the approved price list for scientific journals of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University. Payment is made after the manuscript is approved. In exceptional cases, authors may be fully or partially exempt from publication fees if alternative sources of funding are available.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF CENTRAL VISUAL FIELD DEFECTSIN PRIMARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA
Introduction: In primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), the focus has traditionally been on peripheral visual field defects. However, over the past 15 years, it has become apparent that the central visual field is affected at an early stage in POAG. The fundamentals and the most important risk factors will be presented. Methods: This study is a literature review. Databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Springer were searched using the terms “central visual field” and “glaucoma” for the period from 2000 to 2025. Duplicates were removed. The selected literature focused on the role of lamina cribrosa, ocular microcirculation, and neurodegeneration in glaucoma. Results: Approximately 50% of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are responsible for the central 16° of the visual field alone, and around 40% of these cells are affected in POAG. This leads to abnormalities in the central visual field even in the early stages of POAG. The problem is that the 24-2 or 30-2 visual field program does not adequately detect these central disturbances. The degeneration of RGCs and their nerve fibers is a complex process involving mechanical (intraocular pressure), vascular, and, above all, inflammatory processes. Conclusion: Central RGC loss is not only associated with early central visual field defects, but also leads to color vision defects, contrast sensitivity defects, crowding, and reading difficulties, which significantly impair patients’ everyday lives. Therefore, in addition to adjusting intraocular pressure to the individual target pressure range, it is particularly important to have general systemic diseases such as arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus optimally controlled by an internist and to avoid a nocturnal drop in blood pressure. Key words: central visual field, lamina cribrosa, glaucoma, neurodegeneration, microcirculation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Interdisciplinary Approaches to Medicine
WHAT IS THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF GLIOMA?INSIGHTS INTO BIOMARKERS, METABOLIC REPROGRAMMING,AND EMERGING TREATMENT STRATEGIES
Relevance: The new classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumors by the World Health Organization (WHO) based on the histological and molecular features allowed a new area for research. Molecular classification of brain cancer is based on the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) enzyme, which is crucial in converting isocitrate into alpha-ketoglutarate during the citric acid cycle. The study aimed to provide an overview of the classification of CNS by WHO and diagnostic methods of brain tumors. Results: The article describes brain tumor diagnostic methods, including tissue biopsy, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and liquid biopsy, and reviews molecular biomarkers comprising alterations of genes associated with gliomas and epigenetic changes that reduce the expression of particular genes. The authors consider how these findings can be used in treatment. Conclusion: Molecular reprogramming in cells with mutated IDH causes neomorphic mutations, which leads to changes abundance of alpha-ketoglutarate (αKG) and D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG), an increase which stimulates the formation of tumors. Targeted therapies can reduce the concentration of this oncometabolite in cells. Key words: glioma, glioblastoma, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG).
Copyright (c) 2026 Interdisciplinary Approaches to Medicine https://doi.org/10.26577/appmed720264
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOR OF STUDENTSIN RELATION OF MENTAL HEALTH:A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN KAZAKHSTAN
Introduction: Attitudes of students to mental health issues is a neglected area in Kazakhstan due to high level of stigmatization, cultural traditions and lay beliefs as in some other countries. We did an attempt to recognize issues related to knowledge, attitude and behavior of students of first year (17-19 years old) regarding mental health issues on the base of self-administered questionnaire across the country. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was the main tool for data collection. The whole questionnaire consists of three main parts: 1) healthy life style; 2) harmful habits (smoking, alcohol and drug use); 3) mental health. Total sample size was 5,000 students from five regions of the country. Results: One of the main results of this study was relatively high percentage of 17-19 years old students who understand importance of healthy lifestyle and reported about their readiness to follow it. Only a few proportion of students consider “good” mental health as a part of healthy lifestyle. Young people mostly think that physical activity and refusal of bad harmful habits (smoking, alcohol and drug use) are main components of healthy lifestyle. Conclusion: The majority of students tend to improve their health. Students reported about their confidence in governmental clinics, specialists and desire to obtain information about health during trainings, competitions and festivals at university settings. Key Words: students, students’ mental health, stigmatization, аttitudes and behavior.
EFFECTIVENESS OF A NEW METHOD OF PROVIDING FIRST AID FOR NON-GUNSHOT WOUNDS TO SOFT TISSUE
This study focuses on the clinical effectiveness of a new method of primary pre-hospital care for non-gunshot soft tissue wounds based on the multi-stage application of a specially developed antiseptic gel. The research aims to reduce pain syndrome, local inflammatory responses, and the incidence of postoperative complications, addressing a critical need in emergency and military medicine. The methodology included a comparative analysis between the main group (164 patients treated with the proposed multistage antiseptic gel protocol and trained junior medical staff) and a comparison group (291 patients treated with standard protocols). Homogeneity between groups was ensured by injury type, absence of bone damage, similar surgical conditions, and comparable severity and localization of injuries. Additionally, a focused subgroup analysis of 49 military personnel evaluated microbiological outcomes and the impact of specialized simulation-based training. The results showed significant reductions in pain during the critical first 3–5 days post-injury and a lower rate of postoperative complications in the main group. Specifically, the main group demonstrated higher rates of sterile wound cultures before surgery (57.7% vs. 13.0%) and fewer postoperative complications (15.4% vs. 47.8%). The study’s contribution lies in integrating pharmacological and educational strategies, proving the practical value of comprehensive antiseptic treatment combined with simulation training. This approach enhances early infection control and wound healing, which is particularly crucial in field and resource-limited settings.
STRUCTURAL AND THERMAL STABILITY OF AG NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIZED FROM ARTEMISIA LERCHIANA: SEM, EDX, XRD AND TG-DTA ANALYSES
The development of biologically mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has gained significant global attention due to its promising applications in medical science and disease treatment. Unlike conventional chemical and physical methods, green synthesis employs eco-friendly, non-toxic, and cost-effective approaches, utilizing biological resources such as plants, microorganisms, and natural extracts as reducing and stabilizing agents. In this context, the present study highlights the synthesis of silver nanomaterials using Artemisia lerchiana Web. extract as a novel and sustainable source. Compared to conventional antibiotics and chemically synthesized drugs, AgNPs obtained from green routes exhibit remarkable antibacterial, anticancer, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory activities, thereby offering potential solutions to pressing medical challenges such as antibiotic resistance, chronic infections, and tumor progression. The structural and morphological properties of the synthesized nanoparticles were systematically characterized using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), and zeta potential measurements. These results revealed that the biosynthesized AgNPs possess well-defined size, shape, crystallinity, and homogeneous distribution, which are strongly influenced by the phytochemical composition of the plant extract. Furthermore, this review provides an overview of recent advances in green synthesis strategies, emphasizing the role of biocompatibility in reducing nanoparticle toxicity, minimizing environmental risks, and lowering production costs. The findings confirm that biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles represent a promising alternative to conventional nanomaterials for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, with enhanced safety profiles, stability, and therapeutic efficiency. This work contributes to the growing body of research focused on eco-friendly nanotechnology for sustainable and advanced healthcare solutions.
THE IMPACT OF PESTICIDES ON CANCER INCIDENCE AMONG CHILDREN IN UZBEKISTAN: A SURVEY STUDY
Introduction: The spread of malignant diseases is a serious problem in Uzbekistan. Recent data suggest a possible link between pesticide exposure and an increase in cancer rates.Pesticides are used in the cultivation of a wide range of agricultural crops. In Uzbekistan, 249 different plant protection products are permitted. They contain various active ingredients, 59 of which are recognized as highly hazardous pesticides. Research objective: To study the effect of pesticides on the development of malignant neoplasms in children. Results: The survey shows that a significant number of patients (63 out of 93) live near agricultural fields, indicating a potential risk of pesticide exposure to health.Approximately 30% of respondents reported the use of pesticides in nearby fields. This may be an important environmental factor influencing the development of malignant neoplasms in children. Patients were diagnosed with 28 different types of cancer. Leukemia and brain cancer were the most commonly diagnosed types of cancer among the study participants, which is consistent with international studies that have established a link between pesticide exposure and these types of malignant neoplasms. Conclusions: The results of this survey indicate a probable correlation between pesticide exposure and cancer incidence in children in Uzbekistan, highlighting the need for stricter control of pesticide use and more comprehensive clinical and epidemiological studies to confirm these results.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE OCCURRENCE OF BO LINES AFTER SPORTS INJURIES AND COVID-19 (CLINICAL CASE)
Relevance. Beau's lines (Beau's grooves, Beau's lines) are one of the most common types of onychodystrophy. Beau's lines occur for many reasons, both external and internal.External causes include: previous inflammation or trauma to the posterior nail fold, damage to the nail skin (cuticle, epinohia), inflammation in the upper part of the fingers and nail area, fungal nail infection, heavy physical exertion, prolonged exposure to low temperatures. Internal factors include: side effects of chemotherapy, serious illnesses (myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, shock, high fever), metabolic disorders, eczema, psoriasis, especially if the rash is located on the back of the hands, uncontrolled use of potent drugs, infectious diseases that disrupt the function and nutrition of the nail matrix, general intoxication of the body, stress and past neuropsychiatric diseases, a symptom of latent skin pathologies, rheumatism, pemphigus, diabetes mellitus, malaria, Raynaud's disease. The appearance of Beau's lines has been described in children who have had measles, scarlet fever and other childhood infections. In recent years, the appearance of Beau's lines has been noted in patients who have had SARS-Cov2 infection, especially in severe cases of the disease, with lung damage and immune system reactions. Materials and methods. The article presents a clinical case of a patient who developed Beau's lines as a result of a sports injury to the distal phalanx of the fingers and subsequently contracted COVID-19. Results. Patient T suffered a sports injury to the distal phalanx in 1987. Five to six weeks after the injury, a specific deformation of the nail plates, similar to a washboard, was observed during examination. Transverse arcuate grooves were observed across the entire surface, crossing the nail plate from one edge of the nail fold to the other, which were identified as Beau's lines. In 2021, patient T suffered from a severe form of COVID-19 with extensive lung damage and was in intensive care for 2 weeks. After 5 weeks, changes in the nail plates were observed in the patient with the appearance of Beau's lines. Conclusions. Damage to the nail plate in the form of Beau's lines is possible both in cases of trauma and in severe conditions of the body. When Beau's lines appear and trauma to the nail bed is ruled out, an in-depth examination is necessary to rule out severe pathology. The time of appearance of Beau's lines in trauma differs from the time of their appearance in severe COVID-19 and averages 5-6 weeks.
BRIDGING THE GAP: A CONCEPTUAL MODEL FOR TRANSITIONING NF1 PATIENTS FROM PEDIATRIC TO ADULT CARE IN RESOURCE-LIMITED SETTINGS
Introduction:Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a chronic autosomal dominant disorder requiring lifelong multidisciplinary oversight. International evidence shows that the transition from pediatric to adult care remains insufficiently standardized, despite the high risk of clinically significant complications during adolescence and early adulthood. Materials and Methods: A systematic search was performed across PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science (2015–2025) using the keywords “Neurofibromatosis type 1 in adults,” “transition care,” and “clinical pathway NF1.” English-language publications focusing on clinical and organizational aspects of transition were included.. Results: International recommendations emphasize early transition planning (starting at 14–16 years), risk-stratified follow-up, multidisciplinary surveillance, and structured transfer processes extending up to age 25. Key clinical risks during transition include tumor progression (e.g., plexiform neurofibromas, MPNST), neurocognitive impairments, vasculopathy, and skeletal deformities. Discussion: The absence of established NF1 transition pathways in Kazakhstan may contribute to delayed diagnosis of complications and fragmented care. International practices highlight the necessity of coordinated, multidisciplinary management supported by structured planning, patient education, and continuity between pediatric and adult services. Implementation feasibility is influenced by resource constraints and limited specialist availability. Conclusion: A stratified, structured transitional care model could improve early detection of NF1-related complications and strengthen continuity of care in Kazakhstan. Adoption of standardized transition pathways may enhance patient outcomes and support national rare disease strategies.
INVESTIGATE AND COMPARE GENDER-SPECIFIC DIFFERENCES IN COPING MECHANISMS AMONG PATIENTS DIAGNOSED WITH OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER USING THE MEANING-CENTERED COPING SCALE SCORES.
Introduction: Investigate and compare gender-specific differences in coping mechanisms among patients diagnosed with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder using the Meaning-Centered Coping Scale scores. Background: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder affects 2-3% of the world's population. Evidence suggests significant gender-based differences in presentation and management. Currently, gender-specific differences in coping mechanisms have been seen as an important area of research. Their impact on treatment outcomes and quality of life remains understudied. Objective: Our study aimed to investigate and compare gender-specific differences in coping mechanisms among patients diagnosed with OCD using Mean-Centered Coping Scale (MCCS) scores. Methods: This is a cross-sectional comparative study that was conducted at SKIMS Medical College and HospitalBemina's outpatient psychiatry department. Ethical clearance was taken. Confidentiality and privacy were taken care of. Fifty-five patients (38 females, 17 males) with confirmed OCD diagnoses were recruited and evaluated using the MINI 7.0.2 for diagnosis and MCCS, a 9-item scale measuring various coping strategies. Participants were recruited through consecutive sampling, and data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results and Discussion: In our study, males had significantly higher overall coping scores (M=28.3, SD=7.4) compared to females (M=25.9, SD=8.1; t=2.34, p=0.023) with a modest effect size (Cohen's d=0.31). A significant interaction between gender and education (F=2.76, p=0.038) was observed. Males demonstrated higher utilization of religious coping, problem-solving approaches, and social support networks compared to females. The mean age of 27.4 years (SD=8.2), with 74.5% from rural areas, was documented. Conclusion: Our study saw significant gender-based variations in coping strategies among OCD patients, with males showing higher adaptive coping scores. Educational level moderated the relationship between gender and coping mechanisms. Findings emphasize the importance of developing individualized, gender-sensitive approaches in OCD treatment.
Copyright (c) 2025 Interdisciplinary Approaches to Medicine
SMOKING AS AN UNFAVORABLE LIFESTYLE FACTOR FOR THE PROGRESSION OF PRIMARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA
Introduction: Smoking remains a widely used and socially accepted psychoactive substance. According to a July 2024 national survey by the Bureau of National Statistics of Kazakhstan, 20.7% of the adult population are smokers—39.8% of men and 7.6% of women.Smoking is the leading preventable health risk and a major cause of premature death, associated with increased rates of cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, endocrine diseases, and cancer. Methods: This study is a literature review. Databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Springer were searched using the terms “smoking” and “primary open-angle glaucoma” for the period from 1990 to 2024. Duplicates were removed. The selected literature focused on the roles of microcirculation and neurodegeneration in glaucoma. Results: Cigarette smoke contains over 7,000 chemicals, including 69 known carcinogens. Sidestream smoke, which constitutes 75% of total smoke, is more toxic than mainstream smoke and contributes to passive smoking.Smoking—both active and passive—causes mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and systemic inflammation. It negatively affects the vascular endothelium and the nervous system, increasing neurotoxins like beta-amyloid and TNF-α, while reducing protective factors like BDNF. These effects contribute to primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), now recognized as a neuroinflammatory disease with mitochondrial origins. Conclusion: Primary open-angle glaucoma is a neuroinflammatory disease of the optic nerve and central nervous system that leads to systemic neurodegeneration. To positively influence the progression of glaucoma, the avoidance of iatrogenic risk factors is essential. Smoking has numerous unfavorable influences on the glaucomatous process, which are summarized in this mini-review. This makes it absolutely necessary to refrain from smoking in the case of glaucoma.
STUDY OF LEADERSHIP QUALITIES AMONG MANAGERS OF A MEDICAL ORGANIZATION
Introduction: Leadership in healthcare is essential for driving reform, improving service quality, and ensuring organizational adaptability. In Kazakhstan, while leadership development is gaining attention, many healthcare managers still lack formal training. Aim: To assess leadership and managerial qualities among healthcare managers in Kazakhstan and identify potential demographic predictors of leadership traits. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 100 managers from the Research Institute of Cardiology and Internal Diseases and Atlas Dental clinics. Participants completed the MBA.SU “Leader or Manager?” test. Data were analyzed using SPSS v26 with chi-square tests and logistic regression. Results: Most participants exhibited ambiguous personality traits, followed by managerial, with leadership types being least common (χ² = 13.571, p = 0.001). Female managers and those with postgraduate education were more likely to show leadership qualities, though not statistically significant. Discussion: The dominance of ambiguous types reflects a transitional leadership landscape. Limited representation of leadership traits may hinder reform efforts. Trends suggest gender and education could influence leadership development. Conclusion: There is a need for structured leadership training to strengthen healthcare management in Kazakhstan and support ongoing reforms.
FEATURES OF INTERPRETATION OF THE RESULTS OF HOLTER MONITORING IN THE AGE CATEGORY OF THE POPULATION
The research topic is designated as the features of interpretation of the results of Holter monitoring of the age category of patients and attention to these aspects for decision-making. The aim of the study is to identify image indicators in the parameters of Holter monitoring in patients in the space with a general age population. The article considers the conditions for updating Holter monitoring in screening for the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases for the age category of patients both in early prediction and in the current state of the cardiovascular system. An information search was conducted in two specialized information resources: PubMed and TripDataBase. The search was carried out using the PICOS methodology with a comparative assessment using the PRISMA methodology. Six studies were provided for analysis, including 4 RCTs and 2 cohort studies. The degree of separation of the basic indicators of the Holter Diptych in low- and high-frequency modes is noted. Age features are noted in assessing heart rate variability. Differences in age-related changes in Holter monitoring indicators in circadian rhythm are also noted. All this provides information for practicing specialists on the appointment of Holter monitoring for age-related patients.
PRESBYACOUSSIS: JUSTIFICATION OF DIAGNOSIS IN SCREENING CONDITIONS
Presbycusis as a manifestation of degenerative hearing loss that develops in the age category of the population is becoming more common. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the possibility of late onset of presbycusis with early diagnosis. This review presents the results of studies on the effectiveness of presbycusis diagnosis in the conditions of screening at early stages and a comparative analysis with other forms of hearing loss. The relevance of using verified questionnaires for the early diagnosis of presbycusis is presented in the results of the analyzed studies. The main objective of the work is to determine the most effective form of presbycusis diagnosis in the conditions of screening to detect hearing impairment at early stages. An information search for relevant studies was conducted by keywords with the construction of strip lines and a stepwise analysis of the target orientation of the results of published studies. After selection and analysis, the results of 6 studies were taken into work, including 3 randomized clinical trials and 3 observational studies. Taking into account global trends, an analysis of the validity of the search for effective methods for diagnosing presbycusis was carried out. The situation of development of a screening scheme for effective diagnostics of presbycusis at early stages of its development in the age population is considered. The validity of using 3 types of questionnaires in conditions of early screening of presbycusis is established: HHIE, Hearing Impairment Inventory for the Elderly; HHIA, Questionnaire for persons with hearing impairment for adults; IOI-HA, International Outcomes Registry - Hearing Aids. The degree of optimization of specialized costly instrumental methods of diagnostics of presbycusis in the preliminary screening assessment by the survey method at the level of primary health care is also revealed.
AUDIOMETRIC PROFILE AND CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HEARING IMPAIRMENT IN ADULTS AT NANGARHAR UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL
Hearing loss (HL) is defined as a partial or total inability to perceive sounds in one or both ears, varying from mild to profound levels. This study aimed to determine the audiometric profile and clinical features of hearing loss among individuals who attended the Ear, Nose, and Throat Department at Nangarhar University Teaching Hospital (NUTH). This cross-sectional study involved 93 patients over a 15-month duration, from September 2023 to the end of November 2024. Adult patients aged 18 and older, presenting symptoms of hearing loss, were included in the study. Participants were divided into three age categories: 18-39 years (11.8%), 40-59 years (34.4%), and 60 years and older (53.8%). Males were 58.06%, and females were 41.93%. Individuals aged 60 and older showed the highest frequency of hearing loss, mostly with sensorineural hearing loss (40.86%), mixed hearing loss (8.60%), and conductive hearing loss (4.30%). Regarding laterality, 25.8% of patients had unilateral impairments, while 74.19% experienced bilateral hearing loss. Diabetes mellitus was present in 30.1% of the population, while hypertension affected 35.48%. Regarding the severity of hearing loss, 30.10% reported mild hearing loss (26-40 dB), whereas moderate hearing loss (41-55 dB) represented 32.25%. Profound hearing loss (91 dB or greater) was uncommon, occurring in 2.15% of cases. Tinnitus was reported by 37.63%, while vertigo was observed in 13.97%, predominantly among individuals with sensorineural hearing loss. The research revealed that hearing loss is prevalent among individuals over 60 years of age, primarily of sensory-neural origin, frequently associated with tinnitus and vertigo. Bilateral hearing loss was more prevalent than unilateral hearing loss, particularly in individuals with comorbidities such as diabetes and hypertension.
MECHANISMS AND CLINICAL PERSPECTIVES OF ALLERGEN-SPECIFIC IMMUNOTHERAPY
Introduction: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a prevalent condition in Kazakhstan, characterized by high sensitization to weed pollens, particularly Artemisia, with sensitization levels significantly exceeding those observed in Europe. AR often leads to complications such as bronchial asthma (BA) and other respiratory conditions. The "unified airways" concept emphasizes the interconnected nature of upper and lower airway inflammation, with ASIT showing promise in mitigating these effects. Materials and Methods: A systematic review included 51 articles published between 2013 and 2024, selected from databases such as PubMed and Scopus. Studies focused on ASIT in AR and the role of vitamin D. Inclusion criteria required full-text original research and systematic reviews in Russian and English, specifically addressing allergen-specific immunotherapy. Results and Discussion: ASIT promotes immunological tolerance through mechanisms such as suppression of Th2 activity, increased IgG4 production, and reduced effector cell activation. Vitamin D, particularly 25(OH)D, plays a pivotal immunomodulatory role, supporting Treg and Breg cell function, and mitigating allergic inflammation. Clinical trials demonstrate that vitamin D supplementation enhances ASIT outcomes, especially in pediatric patients. Conclusion: Integrating cholecalciferol into ASIT protocols enhances efficacy and safety by addressing vitamin D deficiency, a factor linked to more severe allergic diseases. This highlights the importance of personalized treatment strategies combining ASIT with vitamin D supplementation for optimal outcomes.
3D BIOPRINTING IN DENTISTRY: BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS
Abstract The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that oral diseases affect about 3.5 billion people. According to the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research Oral Health Surveillance Report, 2019, nearly 90% of adults between the ages of 20 and 64 had tooth decay, and this percentage did not change significantly between the NHANES 1999-2004 and 2011-2016 cycles. Literature search was conducted in the Scopus database using the keywords "tooth," "teeth," "bioprinting," "3D bioprinting," and "three-dimensional bioprinting." A total of 107 publications were retrieved, with 102 being in the English language. Performance analysis and science mapping were performed using the Bibliometrix R package in the R-studio. Analysis shows upward trend of scientific publications over the period from 2016 to 2023. China maintains a leading position in the number of publications among countries. The figure illustrates that Sichuan University holds the leading position with a total of 16 publications. The journal "Bioprinting" ranks among the top six journals, followed by "Cells" and "Biofabrication". Chen J, Guo W, and Zhang X stand out, each having three published works. "Bioprinting" and "tissue engineering" are the most commonly used keywords by authors in the period from 2016 to 2023. Based on the provided information on 3D printing in dentistry, it can be concluded that China makes a significant contribution to research in this field.
HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF FLUORIDE CONTENT IN ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTS AND ITS IMPACT ON CHILDREN'S HEALTH IN THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN
The importance of fluoride for human health, particularly in dental caries prevention and bone growth, is well-recognized, yet its optimal balance is crucial to avoid adverse effects like dental and skeletal fluorosis. In Tajikistan, misconceptions exist about high fluoride levels in drinking water; however, recent studies reveal a widespread deficiency, except near industrial areas like the Tajik Aluminum Plant in Tursunzade city, where fluoride exposure risks are heightened. This research aims to assess fluoride's environmental impact and its effects on children's health across Tajikistan, focusing on the Bohtar region and Tursunzade city, to inform public health policy and interventions. The study aims to assess the impact of environmental fluoride exposure on children's health in Tajikistan by analyzing fluoride levels in water, air, and food, and their relation to dental health outcomes. For our study on fluoride's impact on children's health in Tajikistan, we employed a multifaceted research methodology. The investigation included collecting and analyzing samples from various environmental sources—water, air, and food—in different regions, with a focus on the Bohtar region and the city of Tursunzade. Water samples were tested for fluoride content using ion-selective electrode analysis, while air and food samples were analyzed for fluoride concentration through spectrophotometric methods. Health assessments, including dental examinations of children aged 6-12 years, were conducted to identify dental caries and fluorosis, correlating these findings with fluoride exposure levels. The study also reviewed the sanitary and hygienic state of water supply systems. Data analysis incorporated both quantitative and qualitative methodologies, including statistical analysis to determine the correlation between fluoride exposure and health outcomes, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of fluoride's effects on children's health within the studied areas. For our study on fluoride's impact on children's health in Tajikistan, we employed a multifaceted research methodology. The investigation included collecting and analyzing samples from various environmental sources—water, air, and food—in different regions, with a focus on the Bohtar region and the city of Tursunzade. Water samples were tested for fluoride content using ion-selective electrode analysis, while air and food samples were analyzed for fluoride concentration through spectrophotometric methods. Health assessments, including dental examinations of children aged 6-12 years, were conducted to identify dental caries and fluorosis, correlating these findings with fluoride exposure levels. The study also reviewed the sanitary and hygienic state of water supply systems. Data analysis incorporated both quantitative and qualitative methodologies, including statistical analysis to determine the correlation between fluoride exposure and health outcomes, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of fluoride's effects on children's health within the studied areas. This study highlights the necessity of balancing fluoride levels in drinking water to protect child dental health in Tajikistan. It calls for targeted fluoride management strategies tailored to regional needs, emphasizing the importance of public health interventions, system improvements, and awareness campaigns to prevent dental issues and enhance children's health. Key words: Fluoride, dental health, public health, environmental exposure, fluorosis, child health, Tajikistan
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A STUDY TO COMPARE INTRAVENOUS NITROGLYCERINE AND MAGNESIUM SULPHATE FOR ATTENUATING THE HAEMODYNAMIC STRESS RESPONSE TO LARYNGOSCOPY AND ENDOTRACHEAL INTUBATION
The article is devoted to monitoring the condition of the respiratory tract during general anesthesia, which is the most important duty of an anesthesiologist. Despite advances in airway monitoring devices, rigid laryngoscopy and intubation remain preferred methods. Airway treatment during intubation causes a hemodynamic reaction due to stimulation of the upper respiratory tract, which leads to an increase in catecholamine levels, which leads to hypertension, tachycardia and rhythm disturbances. This reaction reaches its maximum immediately after intubation and usually lasts 5-10 minutes. Despite the successful use of both nitroglycerin for intravenous administration and magnesium sulfate for this purpose, there is currently no direct comparison of these two drugs in the literature with respect to attenuation of hemodynamic changes during laryngoscopy and intubation. Therefore, our research is aimed at conducting such a comparative study. The study was a double-blind, prospective, randomized study involving sixty patients aged 18 to 60 years who were scheduled for surgery requiring general anesthesia and endotracheal intubation, with the status of asa I and II.Both intravenous administration of MgSO4 (30 mg/kg) and NTG (1 mcg/kg) were effective in attenuating the pressor reaction caused by laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation. However, MgSO4 was significantly superior to NTG in reducing heart rate. Key words: Airway management, general anaesthesia, nitroglycerine, magnesium sulphate, haemodynamic stress
Copyright (c) 2024 INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACHES TO MEDICINE
RHINOLARYNGOLOGICAL AND SYSTEMIC CAUSES OF HALITOSIS: A MINI-REVIEW
Bad breath, or halitosis, is a common medical condition that affects a significant portion of people worldwide. The cause of it is volatile molecules that might come from extra-oral or oral sources, both diseased and non-pathological. Halitosis can be caused by a variety of other factors, many of which are ignored, although poor dental hygiene is frequently the primary offender. These include disorders associated to the nose, throat, and bodily systems as a whole, which result in a production of odorous gasses released through the mouth. Halitosis can result from a number of illnesses, including tonsillitis, sinusitis, and some systemic conditions. In addition to these illnesses, halitosis can also be caused on by a few drugs and lifestyle behaviors including drinking alcohol and smoking. The majority of people who complain about halitosis seek therapy at a clinic because it has an adverse effect on their daily activities. However, some people with halitosis are not even aware that they have the condition. Numerous methods can be used to determine halitosis. Treatment and management of halitosis effectively require an understanding of its numerous causes. Key words: ENT, etiology, extra-oral, halitosis, pseudohalitosis, systemic
SIGNIFICANCE OF ACQUIRED COLOR VISION DEFECTS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF VASCULAR DISEASES
Color vision testing can be used to detect subtle disturbances in retinal function, which can often occur before clinical symptoms and, for the ophthalmologist, before visible changes in the fundus of the eye in general vascular diseases. This makes it possible to carry out rapid and inexpensive early diagnosis by detecting acquired color vision disorders, which can prevent further damage by optimizing therapy. Here it is particularly important to work closely with general practitioners and internists. Such aspects should be given greater consideration in occupational medicine. In many areas of industry, high demands are placed on color vision. In areas such as the textile industry, the chemical paint industry, the food industry, the automotive industry (paints) and in painting companies, normal color perception is of fundamental importance. Color vision testing is an inexpensive and easy-to-perform examination method that can provide an early indication of acquired color vision deficiency under standardized conditions. In addition to the detection of a generalized microcirculatory disorder, this determination is also useful in occupational medicine in order to better determine suitability for certain occupational groups. Keywords: color vision, vascular diseases, diabetes, arterial hypertension, migraine
COOPERATION OF NURSING STAFF AND THEIR SATISFACTION WITH WORK IN THE HOSPITAL OF A MEDICAL ORGANIZATION
A "team" in healthcare is traditionally referred to as an interdisciplinary team. Studying this particular professional group is important to understand how teamwork exists among those who provide most of the patient care. Communication skills contribute to the development of interpersonal relationships. Improving the quality of communication between participants in the healthcare system is a global priority and can contribute to better diagnosis and treatment. The purpose of the study: to study the relationship of interpersonal communication with the degree of job satisfaction of a nurse among nurses. Meterials and methods Design is an observational cross–sectional study using analytical statistics methods. Data collection was carried out using a survey (using the on-line Google Form server), in one of the State Clinical Hospitals in Almaty, in 2023. 281 nurses participated in the study. The questionnaire developed by us is an assessment of the strategy of behavior of nurses in the event of a conflict situation) It was carried out using Pearson's chi-square criterion and/or Fisher's exact test, with the calculation of relative risk (RR), as well as binary logistic regression. In addition to these basic methods, the following tests were used for analysis: single-sample binomial criterion and single-sample chi-square criterion. The null hypothesis was rejected in the case of p <0.05. Results and discussion In general, the proportion of nurses who were satisfied and dissatisfied with their work was 39.86% (n=112) and 60.14% (n= 169), respectively. The asymptotic significance of a single sample binomial criterion was p=0.001, which indicates the reliability of differences in proportions. Among the nurses dissatisfied with their work (n=169), the following prevailed: older sisters (χ2=40.645, p≤0.001), sisters with less work experience (χ2=90.941, p≤0.001) and sisters engaged in practical activities (χ2=83.568, p≤0.001). The results obtained indicate the presence of a statistically significant association of the level of satisfaction of nurses with work activities with such characteristics as "team cohesion" (RR=8,050, p≤0.001), "the level of trust in the team" (RR=3,470, p≤0.001), "friendly and business criticism in the team" (RR=3.393, p=0.004), "free expression of opinion in the team" (RR=12.285, p≤0.001), "the emotional attitude with which you usually come to work" (RR=4.442, p=0.003) and "the moral and psychological climate in the team" (RR=7.068, p≤0.001). Keywords: collaboration, job satisfaction, nurse
NAVIGATING THE GLOBAL CHALLENGE OF DIABETES MELLITUS: INSIGHTS FROM KAZAKHSTAN'S HEALTHCARE LANDSCAPE AND STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVED MANAGEMENT
The global prevalence of diabetes mellitus presents a significant challenge to public health, with projections indicating a substantial rise in cases, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This study acknowledges the critical lack of comprehensive research and under-reporting of diabetes cases, emphasizing the need for improved screening strategies and healthcare access. Theoretical and practical significance is evident in the complexity of estimating prevalence, regional variations in Central Asia, and global initiatives recognizing diabetes as a major health concern. While successful management programs exist, challenges persist, including under-reporting, discrepancies in estimations, and delayed diagnoses, impacting patient quality of life and healthcare costs. Multidisciplinary approaches are essential due to the presence of multiple comorbidities among patients, emphasizing the need for coordinated efforts. Robust data sources and proactive healthcare policies are crucial in understanding prevalence trends and addressing this burgeoning health crisis on a global scale. This study aims to utilize administrative healthcare data from Kazakhstan to comprehensively explore diabetes epidemiology, including demographic factors, mortality, and comorbidities. Findings seek to inform targeted interventions and advance diabetes management strategies within the country's healthcare landscape. The uneven distribution of type 2 diabetes prevalence, particularly among women, underscores the economic and societal significance of the issue, necessitating specialized medical care and focused research efforts. Identifying the true prevalence of diabetes is crucial for planning health improvement, treatment, and preventive measures. Collaboration among specialists is imperative to improve the health outcomes of type 2 diabetes patients, emphasizing the importance of screening and managing chronic non-communicable diseases to mitigate the medical and social impact of this global problem. <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW120556949 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Abstract" data-ccp-parastyle-defn="{"ObjectId":"891aedb2-0cf3-4d69-a1a3-ca3349f9428a|168","ClassId":1073872969,"Properties":[469777841,"Times New Roman",469777844,"Times New Roman",469769226,"Times New Roman",268442635,"20",201342446,"1",201342447,"5",201342448,"1",201342449,"1",469777842,"",469777843,"Calibri",201341986,"1",335559704,"1025",335559705,"1033",335551547,"1049",469775450,"Abstract",201340122,"2",469775583,"Keywords",134234082,"true",134233614,"true",469778129,"Abstract",335572020,"1",335551550,"6",335551620,"6",469778324,"Normal"]}">Keywords: global health, diabetes mellitus, prevalence, management, epidemiology, healthcare access, comorbidities, statistics
KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE: ASPECTS OF POPULATION GENOMICS
Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the causes of antimicrobial-resistant opportunistic infections. Klebsiella pneumoniae is naturally resistant to penicillins and many antimicrobials. Knowledge about the ecology, population structure, or pathogenicity of K. pneumoniae is limited by laboratory technology. K. pneumoniae is a threat for public health due to an increase in healthcare-associated infections caused by multidrug-resistant strains that produce extended-spectrum β-lactamases and/or carbapenemases. The phenomenon of severe community-acquired infections caused by particularly virulent K. pneumoniae is associated with strains expressing acquired virulence factors. The presence of such serious biomedical problems makes sustained interest in research on K. pneumoniae using genetic methods. In this article, we discuss the possibilities of genomic approaches, their role in understanding the taxonomy, ecology, and evolution of K. pneumoniae, its diversity, and the distribution of clinically relevant determinants of pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance. A detailed consideration of the structure and diversity of the K. pneumoniae population is important for understanding research results, interpreting clinical data, and developing and implementing methods to combat this pathogen. Key words: Klebsiella pneumoniae, antimicrobial-resistant, ecology, population, opportunistic infections, genomics.
PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR PARENTS RAISING CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS
Родители, ухаживающие за детьми с расстройствами аутистического спектра (РАС), часто сообщают о повышенном уровне стресса, депрессии и тревоги. Неудовлетворенные потребности в психическом здоровье родителей, осуществляющих уход, представляют значительный риск для психологического, физического и социального благополучия родителей ребенка, страдающего РАС, и ставят под угрозу адаптивное функционирование семьи, а также потенциал ребенка, страдающего РАС. РАС. В статье представлены результаты вмешательств, поддерживающих психическое здоровье родителей, осуществляющих уход, и предлагаются рекомендации по поддержке практикующих родителей, осуществляющих уход. Был проведен поиск в PubMed, Кокрейновской базе данных систематических обзоров и базах данных Scopus для выявления исследований, которые отвечали следующим критериям: вмешательство было предоставлено родителям, ухаживающим за ребенком с РАС в возрасте до 18 лет; дизайн исследования позволил сравнить результаты по группам; и показатели психического здоровья заботящихся родителей. Поиск ограничивался человеческой популяцией, исследованиями на английском и русском языках. Каждое включенное исследование оценивалось в соответствии с контрольными таблицами AMSTAR-2, CONSORT 2010. Мы проанализировали результаты трех систематических обзоров и метаанализов, а также семи рандомизированных клинических исследований (РКИ). В настоящее время не существует единых подходов к применению программ для родителей детей с РАС, способствующих поддержанию психологического здоровья и развитию навыков совладания с чувством напряжения и стресса. Результаты показывают, что интегрированная образовательная программа для родителей, разработанная для лиц, осуществляющих уход за детьми с РАС, может оказать положительное влияние на качество жизни лиц, осуществляющих уход, связанное с психическим здоровьем.
PRECIPITATING FACTORS AND CLINICAL PRESENTATION AT THE TIME OF ADMISSION FOR DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS IN NANGARHAR AFGHANISTAN
The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of different DKA precipitating factors and the initial clinical feature at the time of admission. This descriptive prospective cross sectional study based on purposive sampling, was conducted in the medical ward of Nangarhar University Teaching Hospital from 28/12/2019 to 10/2/2021 including both female and male patients of any type of DM with DKA at the time of admission. After thorough history taking, physical examination and investigations such as lab, radiological and ECG, precipitating factors were found out. All 72 patients had DKA. 52 (72.2%) patients were female and 20 (27.8%) were male. 11 patients (15.3%) were type 1 and 61 (84.7%) were type 2 DM. The median age of the patients was 50; median weight was 61; median systolic blood pressure 120 mmHg and the median FBS was 272 mg/dl at the time of admission. Nausea/vomiting (49, 68.1%), tachycardia (46, 63.9%), dry tongue (42, 58.3%), and epigastric tenderness (40, 55.6%), were the most frequent clinical presentation. Infection specifically UTI (68.1%) was the most frequent precipitating factor followed by IHD (11.1%) and insulin withdrawal (5.6%) respectively. UTI distribution across gender (52.8% vs 15.2% two sided P value 0.14 CI 0.95), DM type (58.33% T2DM vs 9.72% in T1DM out of 68% two sided P value 0.7 CI 0.95) and age category was different, however not significant due to the small sample size where the same story occurred with FBS difference across gender (two sided P value 0.035, CI 95%). Infection especially UTI, ischemic heart disease and insulin withdrawal are the leading precipitating factors; and clinical presentation of gastrointestinal tract (nausea/vomiting), dehydration (dry tongue), cardiovascular system and urinary tract are the most prevalent in DKA patients at the time of admission in Nangarhar Afghanistan
HEALTH LITERACY AS A BASIS FOR PRESERVING HEALTH
Abstract: The level of health literacy of the population is now becoming an important focus for the development of health systems in various countries. People with low health literacy have higher medical costs and are less efficient in their use of services than people with adequate health literacy populations with high and intermediate health literacy result in reduced overuse of health services, improved quality of life and reduced length of stay in health-care facilities. There are many options for measuring this level and an attempt to improve it, as it contributes not only to improving the quality of medical care but also to reduce the costs of its delivery. The publications of the last 5 years show that in predictive and preventive medicine, health literacy is playing an increasingly important role in public health, providing advanced technologies with the potential to measure and predict individual risks of disease. Future health literacy intervention research should focus on improving the quality of health communication that reaches a diversity of populations, especially by improving frontline professional skills and support. This article describes the concept of health literacy and approaches to its study.
CHANGES IN COVERAGE OF PNEUMOCOCCAL PREVENTION ACTIVITIES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Relevance The World Health Organization estimates that in 2020, around 13.5 million children around the world did not receive routine immunizations, as expected, due to a shift in focus to fight a deadly pandemic. Aim Determine how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the routine immunization of children using the example of vaccination against pneumococcal infection. Materials and methods of research The ongoing retrospective study in the city polyclinic No. 3 of the city of Almaty of the Republic of Kazakhstan covered the period from 2019 to 2021. Statistical analysis was performed to determine significance (p < 0.05) using Z-score. Results Annual coverage of the first vaccination in children aged 2 months in 2019 was 98%, and in 2020 it decreased to 86.1% (Z = 4.112431; P = 0.000039). In 2021, the indicator increased again, and reached the level of 96.8%. For the second dose of pneumococcal vaccine, coverage decreased from 98% (2019) to 80% (2020) (Z = 5.056653; P = 0.000001). In the next 2021, coverage was 96.7%. The null hypothesis is also rejected for the third dose of pneumococcal vaccine in children aged 12-15 months. If in 2019 the implementation of the annual plan was 98.5%, then in 2020 it decreased significantly, and showed only 85.4% (Z = 5.562573; P = 0.000001). Coverage recovery was successful in 2021, meeting the target by 96.6%. According to the data, coverage was lowest in 2020 and also for the second dose of pneumococcal vaccine. Conclusions The current study demonstrates the decline in vaccination coverage among Kazakh children during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic.
CURRENT ASPECTS OF THE CLINICAL COURSE OF COVID-19 IN CHILDREN. CLINICAL CASES
В детской популяции коронавирусная инфекция, вызванная коронавирусом тяжелого острого респираторного синдрома 2 (SARS-CoV-2), чаще наблюдается в бессимптомных и среднесимптомных случаях. Однако когда COVID-19 сосуществует с другими инфекциями, это может привести к более тяжелому прогрессированию заболевания. Различные подтипы вируса SARS-CoV-2 связаны с различными клиническими проявлениями, при этом для определенных подтипов характерно преобладание определенных симптомов или проявлений. Клинические проявления COVID-19 у детей как в острой фазе заболевания, так и в пост-COVID-19 периоде до конца не изучены и отличаются от таковых у взрослых. В данной статье представлены четыре клинических случая, в которых ПЦР-подтвержденный COVID-19 наблюдался в сочетании с инфекциями, вызванными такими вирусами, как Эбштейн-Барр, ветряная оспа и ротавирус. Тяжесть заболевания в этих случаях объясняли симптомами, связанными с интоксикацией, а также кожным и кишечным синдромами. Чтобы понять важные геномные сигнатуры вируса SARS-CoV-2, циркулирующего в этом районе, было проведено полногеномное секвенирование образцов SARS-CoV-2, выделенных из мазков из носоглотки, взятых у четырех пациентов. По результатам генотипирования все четыре образца были признаны принадлежащими вирусу SARS-CoV-2 линии Омикрон. Через три месяца после первоначального тестирования последующие оценки детей показали более высокую вероятность полного выздоровления. Однако некоторые проявления основного заболевания, включая анемию и атопический дерматит, сохранялись, несмотря на исчезновение симптомов COVID-19.
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN THE PRACTICE OF THE MODERN PHYSICIAN-RESEARCHER
Медицинская этика – это попытка определить надлежащее поведение врачей в сложных клинических и исследовательских сценариях. Это не просто теоретический вопрос, поскольку врачи и медицинские работники сталкиваются с ситуациями, когда им приходится принимать решения, касающиеся ухода за пациентами, во время исследований и повседневной практики. Хотя многие ситуации диктуют четкий курс действий, некоторые случаи представляют собой двусмысленность, требующую всестороннего понимания этического анализа. Актуальность медицинской этики сохраняется и сегодня, поскольку продолжают происходить нарушения фундаментальных этических принципов. Несмотря на принятие Хельсинкской декларации 59 лет назад, в которую каждое десятилетие вносятся обновления для решения новых проблем, нарушения основных принципов медицинской этики продолжаются, особенно среди молодых ученых и врачей-исследователей в странах, где область науки все еще развивается.
PREVALENCE OF DEATHS CAUSED BY ZINC PHOSPHIDE POISONING IN FORENSIC CASES
Background: Zinc phosphide is a dark grey or black substance commonly used as a rodenticide in developing countries to protect grains and legumes. When ingested, it reacts with stomach acid to release phosphine gas, which can be absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract and lungs, leading to zinc phosphide poisoning. The results of this research will help the police and other security agencies to consider and implement the necessary measures to reduce poisonings and deaths caused by zinc phosphide, which is used for suicide, murder, and accidents. Objective: to determine the prevalence of deaths caused by zinc phosphide poisoning in cases referred to the Kabul Forensic Medicine Centre. Material & Method: This cross-sectional research was conducted Using documents and registration books of forensic medicine, all cases of zinc phosphide poisoning brought to the centre from March 21, 2019, to March 20, 2020, were included and analyzed through SPSS version 26. Results: Out of 2176 cases of deaths due to poisoning during the given period, 583 cases (26.79%) were caused by zinc phosphide poisoning. The majority of victims were young people between the ages of 18 and 30, and zinc phosphide was found to be the second deadliest poison after alcohol. Most of these incidents were suicides and occurred among families with low-income levels and limited education. Women were more commonly affected than men. Conclusion: Based on these findings, it can be concluded that zinc phosphide is a highly lethal poison that poses a significant risk to vulnerable populations in developing countries.