WHAT IS THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF GLIOMA?INSIGHTS INTO BIOMARKERS, METABOLIC REPROGRAMMING,AND EMERGING TREATMENT STRATEGIES

Abstract

Relevance: The new classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumors by the World Health Organization (WHO) based on the histological and molecular features allowed a new area for research. Molecular
classification of brain cancer is based on the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) enzyme, which is crucial in
converting isocitrate into alpha-ketoglutarate during the citric acid cycle.
The study aimed to provide an overview of the classification of CNS by WHO and diagnostic methods of
brain tumors.
Results: The article describes brain tumor diagnostic methods, including tissue biopsy, magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI), and liquid biopsy, and reviews molecular biomarkers comprising alterations of genes associated with gliomas and epigenetic changes that reduce the expression of particular genes. The authors
consider how these findings can be used in treatment.
Conclusion: Molecular reprogramming in cells with mutated IDH causes neomorphic mutations, which
leads to changes abundance of alpha-ketoglutarate (αKG) and D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG), an increase
which stimulates the formation of tumors. Targeted therapies can reduce the concentration of this oncometabolite in cells.
Key words: glioma, glioblastoma, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG).